肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤的临床病理特征分析

目的探讨肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤(PCC)的临床病理特征。方法收集22例PCC患者的临床病历资料,分析临床表现、病理特征、免疫组织化学特征、鉴别诊断、治疗和预后。结果患者中位年龄46岁(23~67岁);男性13例、女性9例;临床常见症状包括高血压、腹胀腹痛;Ⅰ期10例、Ⅱ期12例;中位随访时间为72.5个月(14.9~117.7个月),其中1例复发、1例转移,其余患者均未发生复发及转移;CgA、Syn和CD56阳性表达率分别为95.2%、95.2%、100.0%,CK、Melan-A阴性表达率分别为90.5%和100.0%,Ki-67增殖指数低于10%,S100阳性表达率为76.2%。结论肾上腺PCC发病率低,但有转移和复发的可能,需要定期随访。     

抚触护理在病理性黄疸患儿中的应用效果

目的:观察抚触护理在病理性黄疸患儿中的应用效果。方法:选取114例病理性黄疸患儿作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组各57例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上实施抚触护理,比较两组黄疸消退时间、护理前后血清总胆红素(TSB)水平、护理总有效率和患儿家长护理满意度。结果:观察组黄疸消退时间为(7.85±1.36)d,明显短于对照组的(9.56±2.85)d,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理后,观察组血清TSB水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组护理总有效率为96.5%,明显高于对照组的73.7%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患儿家长满意度为98.2%,明显高于对照组的82.4%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:在常规护理基础上采用抚触护理可缩短病理性黄疸患儿黄疸消退时间,降低血清TSB水平,提高护理总有效率和患儿家长护理满意度,其效果优于单纯常规护理。     

超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检诊断的乳腺导管原位癌病理学低估的危险因素分析

背景与目的：由于存在病理学低估，乳腺导管原位癌（ductal carcinoma in situ，DCIS）是否需要行腋窝前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）仍有争议。通过回顾性分析，探索超声引导下空芯针穿刺活检（core needle biopsy，CNB）诊断的DCIS出现病理学低估的危险因素，探讨穿刺病理学诊断为单纯DCIS的患者免除腋窝SLNB的可能性。方法：选取2005年3月—2014年10月北京大学肿瘤医院暨北京市肿瘤防治研究所乳腺癌预防治疗中心收治的符合以下条件的乳腺癌病例纳入研究：女性；超声引导下CNB诊断为乳腺DCIS（含微浸润）；腋窝淋巴结临床阴性；接受规范的手术、放疗或全身系统性治疗。统计患者的临床病理学特征，采用χ ² 检验或Fisher精确概率法进行临床病理学特征与病理学低估比例的相关性分析，采用logistic回归探索病理学低估可能的危险因素。结果：研究纳入单纯DCIS、DCIS伴微浸润和DCIS可疑微浸润分别360、63和31例。单纯DCIS术后病理未升级占56.4%，升级为微浸润癌和浸润癌分别为21.7%和21.9%；后两组术后病理学诊断为微浸润癌的比例为30.2%和35.5%，浸润癌的比例为66.7%和61.3%，组间差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。肿瘤＞3 cm和核分级高发生病理学低估的风险，分别是肿瘤≤3 cm和核分级中低的1.97倍（95% CI：1.17~3.32，P=0.011）和2.30倍（95% CI：1.34~3.98，P=0.003），而人表皮生长因子受体2（human epidemal growth factor receptor 2，HER2）不确定（OR=0.37，95% CI：0.19~0.72，P=0.003）和阳性（OR=0.38，95% CI：0.20~0.73，P=0.004）发生病理学低估的风险低于HER2阴性，差异有统计学意义。肿瘤>3 cm、核分级高、HER2阳性的CNB单纯原位癌的病理学低估比例最高，为73.1%；肿瘤>3 cm、核分级高、HER2不确定的病理学低估比例最低，为11.9%。结论：超声引导下CNB诊断的DCIS伴微浸润或DCIS可疑微浸润病理学低估的比例远高于单纯DCIS，二者不能免除SLNB。肿瘤＞3 cm、核分级高和HER2阴性是术前单纯DCIS出现病理学低估可能的危险因素，单纯DCIS仍需行腋窝SLNB。     

Improved Prognostication for the Updated AJCC Breast Cancer Pathological Prognostic Staging Varied in Higher-Stage Groups

BackgroundIn addition to TNM-based anatomical staging (AS), a novel pathological prognostic staging (PPS) has been proposed by the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC). PPS demonstrated better prognostication, but its superiority in breast cancer subtypes and related to staging discrepancies between AS and PPS are not clear.MethodsA cohort of 1729 patients with breast cancer was staged into AS and PPS according to the latest AJCC staging. Patient characteristic and restaging outcomes were compared.ResultsCompared with AS, 799 and 135 cases were upstaged and downstaged respectively in PPS, mostly involved stage I cases. For the overall cohort, PPS demonstrated superior prognostic power over AS in both disease-free survival (DFS) and breast cancer–specific survival. However, such superiority was found mainly in estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR)+ but not ER−PR− cancers. Comparing the restaged cases within the same PPS, PPS 1A cases showed similar survival irrespective of the original AS. Interestingly, in other PPS groups (PPS 1B and higher), there was a difference in outcome among patients with same PPS but different AS. Within PPS 1B patients, downstaged cases from higher AS showed worse DFS (3A>1B vs. 2A>1B: χ² = 4.732, P = .030).ConclusionsPPS may provide a more accurate prognostication, mostly among ER/PR+ cancers and with PPS 1A patients. Patients restaged to higher PPS stages showed significant differential survival even within the same PPS. Also, only limited improvement was observed for ER–PR– cancers. Caution needs to be exercised in using PPS for patient prognostication, as in some cases the outcome can be variable with the same PPS.     

Deep learning with biopsy whole slide images for pretreatment prediction of pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer：A multicenter study

IntroductionPredicting pathological complete response (pCR) for patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is crucial in establishing individualized treatment. Whole-slide images (WSIs) of tumor tissues reflect the histopathologic information of the tumor, which is important for therapeutic response effectiveness. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether predictive information for pCR could be detected from WSIs.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively collected data from four cohorts of 874 patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven breast cancer. A deep learning pathological model (DLPM) was constructed to predict pCR using biopsy WSIs in the primary cohort, and it was then validated in three external cohorts. The DLPM could generate a deep learning pathological score (DLPs) for each patient; stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were selected for comparison with DLPs.ResultsThe WSI feature-based DLPM showed good predictive performance with the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.72 among the cohorts. Alternatively, the combination of the DLPM and clinical characteristics offered a better prediction performance (AUC >0.70) in all cohorts. We also evaluated the performance of DLPM in three different breast subtypes with the best prediction for the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype (AUC: 0.73). Moreover, DLPM combined with clinical characteristics and stromal TILs achieved the highest AUC in the primary cohort (AUC: 0.82) and validation cohort 1 (AUC: 0.80).ConclusionOur study suggested that WSIs integrated with deep learning could potentially predict pCR to NAC in breast cancer. The predictive performance will be improved by combining clinical characteristics. DLPs from DLPM can provide more information compared to stromal TILs for pCR prediction.     

Adolescent cardiometabolic risk scores: A scoping review

AimsClustering of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) indicates cardiometabolic risk (CMR), a key driver of cardiovascular disease. Early detection and treatment of CMR are important to decrease this risk. To facilitate the identification of individuals at risk, CMRFs are commonly combined into a CMR Score. This scoping review aims to identify CMRFs and methods used to calculate adolescent CMR Scores.Data synthesisSystematic searches were executed in Child Development and Adolescent Studies, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid PsycINFO, EBSCO CINAHL, Scopus Elsevier, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Nursing and Allied Health. No limits were placed on publication date or geographic location. Studies were included if participants were 10–19 years and the study reported CMRFs in a composite score. Key extracted information included participant characteristics, CMRFs comprising the scores, and methods of score calculation. CMRFs were categorized and data were reported as frequencies. This study identified 170 studies representing 189 CMR Scores. The most common CMRF categories were related to lipids, blood pressure, and adiposity. The most frequent CMRFs were triglyceride z-score, systolic blood pressure z-score, and inverse high-density lipoproteins z-score. Scores were mostly calculated by summing CMRF z-scores without weighting.ConclusionsThe range of CMRFs and Scores identified in adolescent CMR literature limits their use and interpretation. Published CMR Scores commonly contain two main limitations: (a) use of an internal cohort as the z-score reference population, and (b) Scores relying on adiposity measures. We highlight the need for a standard set of CMRFs and a consensus for a CMR Score for adolescents.     

H型高血压患者血压变异性与冠脉病变程度的关系

目的探讨H型高血压患者血压变异性与冠脉病变程度的关系。方法选择锦州市中心医院2017年1月-2018年12月收治的H型高血压患者349例,分为对照组(单纯H型高血压)186例和观察组(H型高血压+冠心病)163例。比较两组患者的日间收缩压(dSBP)、夜间收缩压(nSBP)及SCV;比较两组患者的日间舒张压(dSBP)、夜间舒张压(nSBP)及DCV,并对血压变异性与冠脉病变程度的关系进行探讨。结果两组dSBP.nSBP.SCV和dDBP.nDBP.DCV差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).Gensini评分=2.231+3.414×SCV+2.917×SCV。结论H型高血压患者血压变异性与患者冠脉病变程度密切相关,SCV和DCV是其独立危险因素。     

Primary epidural lumbar Ewing sarcoma presenting as cauda equina syndrome in an adult patient who underwent surgical decompression: A case report

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is a rare primary neoplasm in the lumbar adult spine and may mimic a benign tumor. In this case, after a patient's three-month history of lower back pain and rapidly progressing leg numbness and weakness, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a mass in the third lumbar vertebra. At a two-month follow-up, imaging showed a fracture, compression and lesion enlargement. Decompression and fixation confirmed ES, and the patient began combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two months postoperatively, residual ES was suspected on MRI. The patient underwent a second surgery, and histopathology confirmed necrosis. A six-month follow-up after the first surgery showed no tumor recurrence. This case supports the inclusion of ES in the differential diagnosis of pathologic spinal fracture. Early decompression and spinal fixation are critical for preserving neurologic and spinal functions in ES complicated by a compression fracture. Combined adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy remain the standard therapeutic strategy.     

Clinical and pathological predictors of recurrence in breast cancer patients achieving pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy

IntroductionDespite the excellent prognosis associated with pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), some patients still develop recurrence. Here, we investigated the outcomes of breast cancer patients with pCR, as well as the clinical and pathological predictors of cancer recurrence in these patients.Materials and methodsOf the 1599 breast cancer patients treated with NAC, we evaluated 394 patients who achieved pCR between January 2007 and December 2016. pCR was defined as no evidence of invasive cancer in breast. Residual in situ ductal and axillary lymph node diseases were not considered. We analyzed the outcomes using the Kaplan–Meier method. We assessed the association of clinical and pathological predictors with cancer recurrence using the cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe median follow-up time was 63 months. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was 92.3%. Cancer recurrence was observed in 28 patients (7.1%): local recurrence 8 patients (2.0%), visceral metastasis 10 patients (2.5%), and brain metastasis 10 patients (2.5%). Brain metastases were found in patients with HER2 type breast cancer. The significant predictors of cancer recurrence were HER2 positivity (p = 0.04), clinical tumor size (p < 0.01), and lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01) before NAC on univariate analysis and only lymph node metastasis on multivariate analysis.ConclusionPatients achieving pCR to NAC showed excellent outcomes. Advanced clinical stage, large tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, and HER2 positivity before NAC were identified as significant predictors of cancer recurrence. Residual in situ ductal and lymph node diseases after NAC were not significant predictors.